Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) is a lightweight, rigid, and versatile thermoplastic material made from polystyrene beads containing a blowing agent, typically pentane. Upon heating, these beads expand and fuse into a closed-cell foam structure, offering excellent thermal insulation, shock absorption, and moisture resistance. EPS is widely used in construction for insulation panels, in packaging for protective cushioning, and in consumer goods such as helmets and coolers. Its low density, ease of molding, and cost-effectiveness make it a preferred choice across industries seeking durable and energy-efficient solutions.